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Karpoor, Chandrashekhar
- Effect of Six Weeks Yogasana Training on Selected Physiological Parameters
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Davangere, Karnataka
1 Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Davangere, Karnataka
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 17-20Abstract
There are number of reports on effect of yoga training on pulmonary functions, but very few studies have been undertaken on effect of yoga on Handgrip strength Handgrip endurance and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). 34 volunteers subjects [15 Males and 19 Females] attending Pattanjali yoga training Institute at M.E.S high school, Davangere in the age group of 20-60 years were selected for the study. Subjects underwent Yogasana training for about 6 weeks. Yoga training produced statistically significant increase in Handgrip strength and PEFR. Handgrip Endurance though increased after yoga training was not statistically significant. Study shows that Yogasana practices for about 6 weeks has marked effect on Physiological functions and improves lung functions, strength of skeletal muscle, inspiratory and expiratory muscles and Endurance.Keywords
Yogasana, Handgrip Strength, Handgrip Endurance, PEFRReferences
- Webb AR,Newman LA,Taylor M,Keogh JB. Handgrip dynamometry as a predictor of postoperative complications- reapprraisal using age standardized grip strengths.J Ent Parent Nutrn 1989; 13:30-33.
- Madanmohan,Lakshmi Jatiya,Kaviraja udupa and Ananda Balyogi Bhavanani. Effect of yoga training on Handgrip,Respiratory pressures and Pulmonary function.Indian J Physiol pharmacol 2003;47(4):387-392.
- Dash M, Telles S. Improvement in handgrip strength in normal volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients following yoga training. Indian J Physiol pharamacol 2001 ; 45: 355-360.
- Raghuraj P, Telles S. Muscle power, dexterity skill, and visual perception in community home girls trained in yoga or sports and in regular school girls.Indian J Physiol pharmacol 1997;47:409-415.
- Tran MD, Holly RG, Lashbrook J, Amstradam EA.Effect of Hatha Yoga practise on health related aspects of physical fitness.Prev cardiol 2001;4:165-170.
- Dash M,Telles S. Yoga training and motor speed based on a finger tapping task. Indian J physiol pharmacol 1999;43:458-462.
- Mohinder Prakash,Malik SL.Effect of smoking on anthropometric somatotype and grip strength.Indian J Med Res 1988;87:494-499.
- Caroline SHH, Jane BM, Kerena E.A randomized comparative trial of yoga and relaxation to reduce stress and anxiety. Complementary Ther .Med. 2007; 15(2):77-83.
- Harinath K, Malhotra AS, Pal K,Prasad R,Kumar R,Kain TC et al., Effects of Hatha yoga and Omkar meditation on cardiorespiratory performance, psychologic profile and melatonin secretion. J Altern. Complement Med. 10(2):261-268.
- Florence Villian, Melody Yu,Pierre Bartheleny, Yves J. Training to yoga respiration selectively measures respiratory sensations in healthy man Respir.Physiol Neurobiol. 146 (1) : 85-96.
- Subhalakshmi NK, Saxena SK,Urmila and D’Souza JA. Immediate effect of “Nadi-Sodhana Pranayama” on some selected parameters of cardiovascular, Pulmonary and higher functions of brain. Thai Journal of Physiolgical sciences 2005;18(2):10-16.
- Peynirciolu ZF,Thompson JL,Taniclian TB. Improvement strategies in free throw shooting and grip strength task.s.J Gen Psychol 2000;127(2):145-156.
- Dodrill DB.The hand dyanometer as a neuropsychological measure. J Cosult Clin Psychol 1978;46(6): 1432-1435.
- Ernst E. Breathing techniques adjunctive modalities for asthma? Systemic review.Eur Respir J 2000; 5: 969-972.
- Ram FSF, Holloway EA, Jones PW. Breathing retraining for asthma. Resp Med 2003; 97: 501-507
- Study of Secretors and Non-secretors in Normal Healthy Population - its Forensic Implication in Human Identification
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 004, Karnataka, IN
3 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Rajarajeshwari Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
1 Dept. of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 004, Karnataka, IN
3 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Rajarajeshwari Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 4, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 11-13Abstract
Blood group antigens A and B are not only confined to red cells but can be detected in other tissue cells and in body fluids. They have wide distribution and have been found in saliva, gastric juice, semen, ovarian cyst fluid, amniotic fluid and in smaller quantities in sweat,tears,bile,milk,urine etc [except CSF]. It has been established that, secretion of group specific substances is controlled by a pair of alleles Se and se. Thus, individuals can be homozygous [SeSe], heterozygous [Sese] or homozygous [sese]. The first 2 classes are called secretors and third class, non-secretor. Presence of blood and body fluids like saliva, semen etc on victims body provides important clue in crime investigation. A sample of saliva may be obtained from both the suspect as well as the victim in crimes to determine secretor status. The present study is done to determine the secretor status in 105 normal healthy subjects and to study the distribution of blood groups, secretors and non-secretors in normal healthy population, so that the knowledge of secretor status provides a useful tool in medicolegal cases for detection of suspected crime.Keywords
Secretor, Saliva, Blood Group, Crime DetectionReferences
- Parikh CK. Forensic biology and serology.Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 2004. Sixth edn;CBS Publishers and Distributers,New Delhi: part 4, section 7.1.
- Gupta YN, Gupta S, Sanyal B. Blood group specific substances in saliva of patients with cervical carcinoma.Int J Gynaecol obstet 1981; 19:83-84.
- Apurba Nandy. Identification from trace substances and their other evidential values.Principles of Forensic Medicine 2005.2nd edn; New central book agency (P) Ltd, Calcutta: 131.
- Godkar PB, Godkar DB .Text book of medical laboratory technology,2003.2nd edn;Bhalani Publishing House, Mumbai: 860-865.
- Roy MN, Chatterjee JB. Some observations on secretion the secretions on the secretion of blood group substances in the body fluids of man. J.Ind.Med.Ass 1965; 45:413-417.
- K.S. Narayana Reddy. Blood stains. The essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 2008 .27th Edition; Medical Book Company, Hyderabad: 396-398.
- Patick AW, Collier A .An Infectious etiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? Role of the secretor status.FEMS Microbial Immunol 1989; 1 (6-7):411-416.
- Saudicani P,Hein HO, Gyntelberg F. Genetic and life style determinants of peptic ulcer. A study of 3387 men aged 54 to 74 years. The Coppenhagen Male study, Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:12-17.
- Raza MW, Balckwell CC, Molyneaux P. Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness. BMJ 1959;1: 603-607.
- Kathleen EB, Barbara ED,Lincoln PJ.Blood group serology. 6th edn. Edinburg London Melbourne and New York: Churchill Living stone; 1988:44-48.
- Animal and Human Experiments in Medical Curriculum: Students' Attitudes and Ethical Issues
Abstract Views :240 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Forensic Medicine, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 004, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Forensic Medicine, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 004, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 4, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 14-16Abstract
This study reveals the attitudes of medical students towards animal and human experiments. About 100 medical students [44 males and 56 females] who have performed animal and human experiments were subjected to a questionnaire method. The questionnaire consisted of, in part, statements for which the students responded using a five point Likert type scale. Several open ended questions pointing towards ethical issues in experimentation were also given to students and they were asked to list advantages and disadvantages of animal and human experiments. About 87% of the students preferred human experiments [P<0.05]. This preference was related more to issue of more informative and easy to perform human experiments rather than enjoyability and overall understanding of the experiments. A good number of students identified difficulties and ethical issues related to animal experiments. Present study shows that, medical students prefer introduction of large number of human experiments, though they realize the importance and value of animal experiments.Keywords
Attitudes, Medical Students, Animal ExperimentsReferences
- Foreman J.Physicians support the use of animals in medical education. Archives of Opthalmology 1992; 110:324.
- The breeding of and experiments on Animals (control and supervision rules).1998. The Gazette of India no.809.
- Dhruv Mankad. In Medical Education Reexamined 1991.Bombay.mfc-CED (Medico Friend circle and centre for Education and Documentation).
- Ghek SM. Animals for teaching purposes; Medical student’s attitude. Med Educ 1995; 29:39-42.
- Pardes H, West A, Pincus HA .Physicians and animal rights movement. N Engl J Med1991; 324:1640-1643.
- Willis LR, Besch HR. Effect of experience on medical students attitudes towards animal laboratories in Pharmacology education. Acad Med 1995; 70:67-69.
- Sharma KN,Subhasini AV,Sinha KP,Bijalani RL,Kulkarni SK,Maini BK. Laboratory exercises:Prons and cons.In Bijlani RL,Nayar U,eds Teaching Physiology 1983-Trends and tools. New Delhi. All India Institute of Medical Sciences:51-56.
- Council on Scientific Affairs.American Medical Education. Council report,use of animals in medical education.JAMA 1991;266:836-837.
- Ammons SW.Use of live animals in the cirrucula of U.S Medical schools in 1994. Acad Med 1995; 70:740-743.
- The development of three Rs concept.Altern Lab Anim 1995; 23(3):298-304.
- Greenwald GS.ACDP survey of use of animals in teaching Physiology. Physiologist 1985;28:478-80.
- Theime Interactive. Virtual Physiology. The truly interactive simulation Software Promotional Brochure.http:// www.Theime.com
- Critical concepts Inc,CCI. Critical concepts releases simulations on CD-ROM: Academia can save thousands using computer simulation.Company press release 1999. http://www.Laketech.com
- Intelitool:Physiogrip and Spirocomp. Capabilities and features. Promotional brochures 1998. http:// www.Intelitool.com
- Festing FW. The Scope for improving the design of laboratory animal’s experiments. Lab animals 1992:26(4):256-268.
- Bernard ND.Stolz, Baron L. Use of and alternatives in laboratory medical courses at U.S.Medical schools. J Med Edu 1988; 63:720-722.
- Estimation of Time since Death by Gastric Contents: an Overview
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, SSIMS & RC, Davangere, IN
2 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, SMC & RC, Tumkur, IN
3 Dept. of Physiology, SSIMS & RC, Davangere, IN
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, SSIMS & RC, Davangere, IN
2 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, SMC & RC, Tumkur, IN
3 Dept. of Physiology, SSIMS & RC, Davangere, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 4, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 28-29Abstract
Assessment of time since death is subjected to variable variations because in Biology, variation is a rule and stability is an exception, whereas in Science, stability is a rule and variation is an exception. The time of death estimation plays important role in solving both criminal and civil cases. Many factors contribute to great intra and inter individual variability of gastric emptying. This study is undertaken to collect available literature for reference and to form a common opinion that the doctor can depose safely. During medico-legal autopsy, if the doctor finds distinguishable full meal in the stomach, it would suggest that the victim died within 2 hours after the last meal and 4 hours if it is indistinguishable.Keywords
Gastric Emptying, Time since Death, Cholecystokinin, AutopsyReferences
- Indu Khurana. Gastric Emptying- Physiological Activities in Stomach: Text Book of Medical Physiology 2006: 1st Edition: Elsevier, pp: 612-613.
- WF Ganong. Gastric Motility and Emptying-Regulation of Gastrointestinal functions: Review of Medical physiology 2006: 21st Edition: Lange-Mc.Graw Hill Publications; pp 498.
- RA Liddle et al. Regulation of gastric emptying in humans by Cholecystokinin: Journal of Clinical Investigation (March 1986): Vol. 77; pp: 992-996.
- K. Sembulingam, Prema Sembulingam. Filling and Emptying of stomach; Movements of Gastrointestinal tract: Essentials of Medical Physiology 2006: 4th Edition: Jaypee Brother’s Publication, New Delhi; pp: 247-248.
- WF Boron, EL Boulpaep. Filling and Emptying of the stomach- Gastric Emptying: Text Book of Medical Physiology 2009: 2nd Edition: Sounders Elsevier Publication;pp: 909-911.
- AC Guyton, JE Hal. Motor Functions of the stomach; Propulsion and Mixing of food in Alimenting tract: Text Book of Medical Physiology 2006: 1st Edition: Sounders Elsevier Publishers; pp: 784-786.
- DN Bateman. Effect of meal temperature and volume on the emptying of liquids from the human stomach: Journal of Physiology 1982: Vol.331; pp: 461-467.
- JD George. New clinical methods for measuring the rate of gastric emptying-the double sampling test meal: Gut 1968: Vol.9, pp: 237-242.
- K.S. Narayana Reddy. Gastrointestinal factors in Estimation of Post Mortem interval-Post Mortem changes: The essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 2008: 27th Edition: Medical Book Company, Hyderabad. pp: 153-155.
- Stephan Hellming et al. Gastric emptying of fluids and solids in humans: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006: Vol.21 (12); pp: 1832-1838.
- Anderson Franke at al. The effect of Ethanol and alcoholic beverages on gastric emptying of solid meals in humans. Journal of alcoh ol & Alcohol 2005: Vol-40(3); pp: 187-193.
- Rekka Sankko, Bernard Knight. Stomach Emptying as a measure of time since a death- Pathophysiology of death: Knight’s Forensic Pathology, 2004; 3rd Edition: Arnold – Hadder Headline Group, London: pp: 83-88.
- CJ Polson, DJ Gee, Bernard Knight. The Stomach Contents and the time of Death- the signs of death: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine 1985: 4th Edition: Pergamum press, Oxford. pp: 32-34.
- Horowitz M., Pounder DJ. Gastric emptying- Forensic implications of current concepts: Medical science and Law Journal, 1985: Vol-25; pp: 201-214.
- Forensic Odontology: the Role of Dentist
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka State, IN
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere 577 005, Karnataka State, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol 4, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 44-46Abstract
Dentistry has much to offer law enforcement in detection and solution of crime or in civil proceedings. Most often role of dentist is to establish a person's identity. Teeth, with their physiologic variations, pathoses and effects of therapy, record information that remains throughout life and beyond. The teeth may also be used as weapons and under circumstances, may leave information about the identity of the biter. Dental professionals have a major role to play in keeping accurate dental records and providing all necessary information so that legal authorities may recognize malpractice, negligence, fraud or abuse, and identify unknown humans. Dental identifications have always played a key role in natural and manmade disaster situations and in particular the mass causalities. In this review article roles and responsibilities of dentist and use of human dentition and surrounding structures to enable the identification of found human remains will be discussed.Keywords
Dentists, Forensic Dentistry, Dental RecordsReferences
- Pretty JA, Sweet D. A look at forensic dentistry – Part 1: The role of teeth in the determination of human identity. British Dental Journal 2001; 190: 359-366.
- Sylvie LA. Forensic Odontology: The Roles and Responsibilities of the Dentist. J Can Dent Assoc 2004; 70(7):453-458.
- Neville B, Douglas D, Allen CM, Bouquot. J.Forensic Dentistry.In:Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2nd edn.Philadelphia (PA):W.B.Saunders Co;2002: p 763-783.
- Pretty JA. Forensic Dentistry: 1. Identification of Human Remains. Dent Update 2007; 34:621-634.
- Goldstein M, Sweet D, Wood R. A specimen positioning device for dental identification. Image geometry considerations. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:185-189.
- American Board of Forensic Odontology. Body identification guidelines. J Am Dent Assoc 1994; 125:1244- 1254.
- Whittaker D K, Rawale L W. The effect of conditions of putrefication on species determination in human and animal teeth. Forensic Sci Int 1987; 35:209-212.
- Sweet D, Hildebrand D, Philips D. Identification of a skeleton using DNA from teeth and a PAP smear. J Forensic Sci 1999; 44:630-633.
- Smith B C, Fischer D L, WeedenV W, Warnock G R, Holland M M. A Systemic Approach to the Sampling of Dental DNA. . J Forensic Sci 1993; 38:1194-1209.
- Sweet D, Hildebrand D. Recovery of DNA from human teeth by cryogeneic grinding. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:1199- 1202.
- Epstein J, Scully C. Mamallian bites: risk and management. Am J Dent 1992;5(3):167-171.
- Pretty IA, Webb DA, Sweet D. The design and assessment of mock mass disasters for dental personnel. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46(1):74-79.
- Richard H, Doug A, Bryan C, John F, Jim M, Allan W. Dental Clinics Of North America 2001;45(2):271-292.
- Distribution of Blood Groups among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and their Secretor Status
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Physiology, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 66-69Abstract
Variety of diseases has been studied in relation to ABO blood groups and secretor status of blood group antigens. There is ample justification for probing into relation between blood groups, secretor status and diabetes mellitus because genetic, environmental factors etc. play important role in etiology of diabetes mellitus. Number of workers have tried to study the relationship between diabetes mellitus, secretor status and blood groups, but results have been variable. Although some workers have found definite preponderance of particular blood group, it has been concluded that so far no convincing association between blood groups, secretor status and diabetes mellitus has been established. There are few studies involving Indian origin on distribution of blood groups and secretor status among patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, distribution of blood groups (ABO) and secretor status were studied in 105 diabetic patients and compared with age and sex matched normal healthy controls. Only confirmed diabetic patients were included in this study. Blood group was determined by slide agglutination method. Secretor status was determined by haemagglutination inhibition technique using saliva. The study showed no statistically significant correlation in distribution of blood groups (ABO) and secretor status among diabetics as compared to controls.Keywords
ABO Blood Group, Secretor Status, Haemagglutination Inhibition Technique, Saliva, Diabetes MellitusReferences
- Gupta YN, Gupta S, Sanyal B. Blood group specific substances in saliva of patients with cervical carcinoma. Int J Gynaecol obstet 1981; 19:83-84.
- Tandon OP, Bhatia S, Tripathi RL. Phagocytic response of leucocytes in secretors and non secretors of ABH (O) blood group substances. Ind. J Physiol. Pharmac 1979; 23(4):321-324.
- Patick AW, Collier A. An Infectious etiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? Role of the secretor status. FEMS Microbial Immunol 1989; 1 (6-7):411-416.
- Saudicani P, Hein HO, Gyntelberg F. Genetic and life style determinants of peptic ulcer. A study of 3387 men aged 54 to 74 years. The Coppenhagen Male study, Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:12-17.
- Raza MW, Balckwell CC, Molyneaux P. Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness. BMJ 1959;1: 603-607.
- Diabetes Mellitus.Report of WHO Study Group, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO technical Report series 1985; No: 727.
- Godkar PB, Godkar DB. Text book of medical laboratory technology. 2nd edn.2003.Mumbai. Bhalani Publishing House: pp 860-865.
- Roy MN, Chatterjee JB. Some observations on secretion the secretions on the secretion of blood group substances in the body fluids of man. J.Ind.Med.Ass 1965; 45:413-417.
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- Saran RK, Makroo RN. Transfusion medicine technical manual 1991. Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi, a ‘n’ b communications Private Limited :pp 50.
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- Iyengar, S., Hamman, R.F, Marshall, J.A, Baxter, J, Majumder, P.P. and Ferrell, R.E. Genetic Studies of type 2 (non –insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus: Lack of association with seven genetic markers. Diabetologia1989; 32: 690-693.
- Qureshia, M.A. and Bhatti, R. Frequency of ABO blood groups among the diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak 2003; 13: 453-455.
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- Cardiovascular Endurance [Physical Fitness Index] and Maximal Aerobic Capacity [Vo2 max] in Young Male Wrestlers
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
3 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka State, IN
1 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577005, Karnataka State, IN
3 Department of Physiology, S.S.Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-4, Bypass road, Davangere-577005, Karnataka State, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 8-11Abstract
Aerobic capacity or Maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2 max) has been widely considered to be reliable and valid measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Persons possessing higher values of VO2 max have the capacity to yield larger amounts of energy, and are capable of performing better in athletic and other field activities. Cardiac endurance as determined by Harvard Step test is one of the component of physical fitness which reflects the ability of heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles and tissues and ability of those muscles and tissues to utilize that oxygen. Present study was done to determine Cardiac endurance [Physical fitness index] and Maximal oxygen uptake among 60 young male wrestlers in the age group of 11-25 years. Results of the study revealed no significant change in Cardiac endurance and VO2 max when different age group wrestlers were compared. However, VO2 max was significantly increased with increased duration of training among 16-20 age group wrestlers. This study also reflects the influence of age and training among wrestlers of Indian population.Keywords
Cardiac Endurance, Maximal Aerobic Capacity, WrestlersReferences
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